Psychological reaserch methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mental reaserch strategies - Essay Example For the motivations behind this investigation, and deciding the impact of consideration on these components, recognition is characterized as that which makes visual data accessible, and insight is the employments of that visual data. This is critical in this examination due to the inquiries identified with when does recognition stop and psychological handling start. Subjects were enrolled from the New York City state funded educational system, and all were tried with normalized strategies to acquire an exploratory gathering which showed moderate understanding inability. This was dictated by utilizing a determination standard of scoring between 0.5 SD and 1.0 SD underneath national mean scores; one boundary of the examination was to concentrate on gentle to-direct understanding inability (instead of serious) given the creators' observation that this gathering has been dismissed in the region of helpful viability. Educated assent was gotten from both the guardians and the youngsters, and was affirmed by a free survey board. The philosophy was to utilize a battery of normalized consideration tests to decide the degree of understanding handicap and, when the boundaries had been set, to separate the certified populace into two gatherings; control and guinea pig. The benchmark group got no treatment between the underlying and last adjusts of testing, and the trial bunch got 12 one-hour week by week meetings of PC based perusing cognizance treatment. Toward the finish of the multi week study period, the two gatherings were re-tried and the outcomes analyzed. The investigation of the examination was exhaustive, and used pertinent writing and past investigations to give extension and remark. While the creators perceive the requirement for additional examination in different territories, the outcomes showed that consideration abilities are quantifiable, consideration treatment improves consideration, and that the exploratory gathering outscored the benchmark group. The main extra components that I may add to this examination is extend it past its constrained extension to incorporate the assessment of other consideration shortfall factors. The constraints to this examination incorporated a moderately little example size, utilizing a trial technique in an initial step study, and the inborn vulnerability identified with consideration concentrates for the most part. I think the analysts were careful and suitable, in their approach, moral in their application, right in their examination, and approved their speculation. The investigation itself was introduced legitimately, obviously, and comports with the standard exploration detailing routine of professionals at this level. References Solan, H.A., Shelley-Tremblay, J., Ficarra, A., Silverman, M., and Larson, S. (2003).Effect of consideration treatment on perusing comprehen

Filing Federal Timber Income Tax

Documenting Federal Timber Income Tax Congress has furnished timberland proprietors with some great duty arrangements. Here are five hints intended to assist you with taking advantage of these arrangements and abstain from making good on superfluous annual assessment or committing exorbitant errors. This report is just a presentation. Counsel the references and connections accommodated total data on the theme. Additionally comprehend that we are talking about Federal personal duty here. Numerous states have their own burdening frameworks which can be significantly unique in relation to government tax assessment and is normally a promotion valorum, severance, or yield charge. Recall these five focuses when documenting your Federal personal assessments on timber: Build up Your Basis Its key to set up your premise at the earliest opportunity and to keep great records. Premise is a proportion of your interest in timber instead of what you paid for the land and other capital resources obtained. Record your expense of gaining forestland or the estimation of acquired woodland land as quickly as time permits. When selling your timber later on, you can utilize these expenses as an exhaustion reasoning. Modify or venture up your reason for new buys or speculations. Venture down your reason for deals or different removals. Keep records to incorporate an administration plan and guide, receipts for business exchanges, journals, and landowner meeting motivation. Report premise and timber consumption on IRS Form T,â€Å"Forest Activities Schedule, Part II. You are required to document a Form T on the off chance that you guarantee some timber exhaustion derivations or sell timber. Proprietors with periodic deals might be excepted from this necessity, however it is viewed as reasonable to record. Record your years documentation utilizing this electronic rendition Form T. Know Whats Deductible On the off chance that you own a timberland to bring in cash, normal and vital costs caused for overseeing woodland land as a business or a speculation are deductible regardless of whether there is no present salary from the property. This incorporates if youve performed reforestation work or set up critical timber stand recovery costs. You can deduct altogether the first $10,000 of qualified reforestation costs during the available year. What's more, you can amortize (deduct), more than 8 years, all reforestation costs in abundance of $10,000. (Because of a half-year show, you can just guarantee one-portion of the amortizable part the principal charge year, so it really takes 8 duty years to recoup the amortizable segment.) Do You Quality for Long-Term Capital Gains? In the event that you sold standing timber during the available year held for more than a year, Yyu might have the option to profit by the drawn out capital increases arrangements on timber deal pay which will bring down your assessment commitment. At the point when you sell standing timber either singular amount or on a compensation as-cut premise, the net continues for the most part qualify as a drawn out capital increase. Keep in mind, you can meet all requirements for this drawn out capital additions treatment on timber just in the event that you hold the timber more than one year. You don't need to pay independent work charge on capital increases. Did You Have a Timber Loss? In the event that you had a timber misfortune during the available year, you can, much of the time, just take a reasoning for (setback) misfortunes that are physical in nature and brought about by an occasion or mix of occasions that has run its course (fires, floods, ice storms and tornadoes). Recall that your finding for a setback or qualifying non-loss misfortune is constrained to your timber premise, short any protection or rescue pay. Make Required Reports to the IRS On the off chance that you had government or state cost-share help during the available year by means of accepting a structure 1099-G, you are committed to report it to the IRS. You may decide to prohibit a few or every last bit of it yet you should report it. Be that as it may, if the program meets all requirements for rejection, you can pick either to remember the installment for your gross pay and utilize useful assessment arrangements or to compute and avoid the excludable sum. Excludable cost-share help incorporates the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP installments just), Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP), Forest Land Enhancement Program (FLEP), Wildlife Habitat Incentives Program (WHIP) and Wetlands Reserve Program (WRP). A few states additionally have cost-share programs that meet all requirements for prohibition. Adjusted from USFS, Cooperative Forestry, Tax Tips for Forest Landowners by Linda Wang, Forest Taxation Specialist and John L. Greene, Research Forester, Southern Research Station. In view of a 2011 report.

Chopsticks!

Chopsticks! A woman who had worked all her life to bring about good was granted one wish, Before I die let me visit both hell and heaven. Her wish was granted.She was whisked off to a great banqueting hall. The tables were piled high with delicious food and drink. Around the tables sat miserable, starving people as wretched as could be.Why are they like this? she asked the angel who accompanied her. Look at their arms, the angel replied.She looked and saw that attached to the peoples arms were long chopsticks secured above the elbow. Unable to bend their elbows, the people aimed the chopsticks at the food, missed every time and sat hungry, frustrated and miserable.Indeed this is hell! Take me away from here!She was then whisked off to heaven. Again she found herself in a great banqueting hall with tables piled high. Around the tables sat people laughing, contented, joyful.No chopsticks I suppose, she said.Oh yes there are. Look, just as in hell they are long and attached above the elbow but loo k, here people have learnt to feed one another.Author Unknown

Evaluation Of Granville Boys High School - 3711 Words

OVERVIEW OF GRANVILLE BOYS HIGH SCHOOL For my Professional Engagement placement, I was assigned to a UNSW ASPIRE program school, Granville Boys High School (GBHS), an single-sex government school situated in South Western Sydney. Due to its geographical location in one of the most multicultural regions in Sydney, with 95 per cent of the school’s total of 488 enrolments classified as Language Background Other Than English (LBOTE) students. Most students attending the school live in the surrounding Holroyd/Auburn area, with a large majority of students from Arabic or Muslim backgrounds. Additionally, there are recently arrived students from Africa and students with South Pacific Islander backgrounds. As well as being classified as a†¦show more content†¦Currently, there are a total of 114 students enrolled in Vocational Education and Training (VET) courses The Australian Government’s Productivity Commission (PC) highlights the importance of schools to minimise disadvantage in schools. It is crucial for schools to adapt teaching and learning programs that respond to the individual needs of students by recognising and addressing underachievement. In addition to quality tailored programs, quality teaching by highly trained staff is also quality learning. (PC, 12) As a school, GBHS tries to cater to the needs of students and support them. The school employs teachers, librarians, a careers advisor, counsellor and a Learning Services faculty (My School, 2014). Within the Learning Services Faculty, Learning Support teachers work to build inclusive classrooms that cater to the needs of students. They work in collaboration with subject teachers, and they help by teaching ESL programs, and using diagnostic assessments such as Progressive Achievement Tests (PAT) to determine learning difficulties and student progress. GBHS aids students by identifying the ways in which factors can influence learning. Early identification is important as it helps schools provide opportunities and tailor specific pedagogic strategies to compensate for the lack of support students get on their own. (PC 2012). This is done through early testing and assessments that monitors

The Death Before Disunity Malcolm X, Civil Rights...

Death before Disunity Malcolm X, Civil Rights activist and Muslim leader, was an advocate of unity by all means necessary. Throughout history, people have often pondered what X intended to obtain before his tragic death at the hands of Talmadge Hayer, Norman 3X Butler, and Thomas 15X Johnson (â€Å"Biography†). Several people downplay X’s achievements in comparison to the accomplishments of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Majority of activists such as Mohandas Gandhi, Rosa Parks, and Cesar Chavez are notorious for their nonviolent protests that made manifest their devotion to peaceful unification. Malcolm did not fit into such a category. Some people believe that Malcolm X’s support of violence in lieu of the infamous nonviolent approach proves†¦show more content†¦His autobiography reads, â€Å"I would sit goggle-eyed at my father jumping and shouting as he preached, with the congregation jumping and shouting behind him, their souls and bodies devoted to singing and praying. Ev en at that young age, I just couldn t believe in the Christian concept of Jesus as someone divine. And no religious person, until I was a man in my twenties—and then in prison—could tell me anything. I had very little respect for most people who represented religion.† In prison, Malcolm began to read the teachings of the Nation of Islam leader, Elijah Muhammad. Muhammad’s teachings taught that white people fought to keep African Americans down economically, politically, and socially (â€Å"Biography†). To counter the white man, the Nation of Islam preached black supremacy and unity, undermining the idea of white supremacy. Eventually, Malcolm X longed for Black Muslim unity as well. He even changed his surname to X to pay homage to his African ancestors. After a while, the fight for Islam was no longer spiritually satisfying to X. He learned Muhammad, his mentor and friend, was secretly having sexual relations with nearly ten women associated wit h the Nation of Islam organization (â€Å"Biography†). All of this time, he had been following a hypocrite. X felt like a fraud. It was then that X began to separate his own beliefs from those of his â€Å"not so beloved† leader. He realized that not only those in

Developmental Psychology Term Paper Free Essays

Essay Assignment 2 Rebecca’s Rebellion 1. Describe the changes in physical growth and development that she would have experienced in the past 3-4 years and how these changes could be impacting her current state. A number of factors have contributed to Rebecca’s current rebellion against her parents, most of them being normal and healthy parts of development. We will write a custom essay sample on Developmental Psychology Term Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, it would seem that one aspect of her physical development somewhat strayed from the normative; an issue that, according to several findings in the field of developmental psychology, has had a negative catalyzing effect on her body image, peer-acceptance, relationship with her parents, and overall emotional stability. This umbrella issue is Rebecca’s pubertal timing; specifically, the early onset of it relative to her peers. As cited in our textbook, from several different studies, â€Å"(E)arly-maturing girls were unpopular with -drawn lacking in self-confidence, anxious, and prone to depression, (†¦ were more involved in deviant behavior (getting drunk, participating in early sexual activity) and achieved less well in school. † This behavioral trend is mostly reflected in Rebecca, who as early as 10-11, hit a growth spurt that made her much taller and leaner, â€Å"such a notable growth spurt often signals the coming of menarche within a six month period ,† and as early as 12 year old became both sexually attracted to men, and began developing an unhealthy self-image in the form of a perceived weight problem as a result of gained weight in the hips, â€Å"another common signal of menarche. The trend of early onset puberty in caucasian girls has been demonstrated to impact both body-image and self-esteem as a result of their awkward and differing appearance to their peers as well as the hormonal influenced emotional changes that are typical of early adolescence. Often a result of this desire for peer-acceptance, early-onsetters tend to gravitate towards older and more sexually matured individuals who match their stage of pubertal development, and â€Å"who often encourage them into activities they are not ready to handle emotionally, including sexual activity, drug and alcohol use, and minor delinquent acts. Rebecca has engaged in somewhat delinquent behavior from time to time prior to early adolescence, but with the exceptio n of her little ruining the neighbor’s garden stint, she has been completely in accordance with the law, and ultimately respectful of following house rules. However, the influence of this garden-trampling partner in crime is still most likely a contributing factor to Rebecca’s current state of rebellion. Early-onset puberty aside, a desire for distance from one’s parents at this age is a completely normal, evolutionary-based aspect of human development. It is a behavior replicated in primates, as it is ultimately a nature-based mechanism which serves to, â€Å"discourage sexual relations between close blood relatives. † Even in our modern American society, such behavior is replicated, albeit in a fundamentally different way; â€Å"(A)dolescents in industrialized nations, who are still economically dependent on parents, cannot leave the family. Consequently, a modern substitute seems to have emerged: psychological distancing. Rebecca’s unique physical development has most likely been a large contributing factor on her current behavior via its effect on her self-image. Though it might be a large part of current state, and perhaps the primary catalyst, it is not the end-all be-all of it so much as its part of a complex mixture with her relationship with us, people her age, and other environment related factors. 2) Describe the stages of cognitive and moral development in this developmental period as theorized by Piaget a nd Kohlberg. Present evidence (from her developmental history information) for which stage you think Rebecca demonstrates. Based on her history, it can be readily observed that Rebecca has achieved the final stage of Piaget’s stages of cognitive development, otherwise known as the Formal Operational Stage. She has demonstrated the capacity for abstract, systematic, and scientific thinking, by demonstrating hypothetico-deductive Reasoning, and propositional thought, the only two requirements of attaining Piaget’s last stage. Hypothetico-Deductive Reasoning: Rebecca has demonstrated her ability to take into account several abstract variables in her reasoning by virtue of the complex nature of conclusions she has made on her own in the past. For instance, her evaluation of her parent’s parenting-style was that, â€Å"we are as supportive and approving of her as the average parent, (†¦ ) but stricter than other parents. † The veracity of such a conclusion aside, â€Å"and despite our lack of knowledge as to the specific variables she used to make such an evaluation,† t can be readily observed that the pro-con nature of her evaluation was the result of a consideration of several factors, as well as their relationship to one another. Propositional Thought: Despite having an initial lack of confidence in math and language arts at the age of 12, â€Å"proficiency in which becomes increasingly tied to propositional reasoning skills,† a lack of confidence does not equate a lack of competence. Her above average scores on her grade reports in middle school, and in her outstanding performance in English in her first year of high school would most likely indicate her ability to use abstract symbols to represent both concepts and real world objects, â€Å"its almost certain that she’s taking a high school algebra or higher based on her past academic performance level. † According to Kohlberg’s stages of moral development, Rebecca is solidly in the 3rd stage, morality of interpersonal cooperation. This conclusion is based solely on her expressed opinion of the shoplifting incident that occurred during her first year of high school, when several students on a team field-trip were caught stealing. She agreed with the punishment because, â€Å"they did not live up to the expectations of their parents, their coach, or their teammates. † Such reasoning indicates her belief that rules must be followed out of ideal-reciprocity, which in turn demonstrates the intent to maintain good relationships with friends, family, teachers, and others with whom she has some level of a personal tie to. ) Describe Erikson’s stage of Identity versus Role Confusion and how you think this applies to Rebecca’s current emotional state. Erikson’s conflict theory, specifically the Identity versus Role Confusion stage, states that upon reaching adolescence young people have an identity crisis, the successful resolution of which is determined by the successful resolution of earlie r conflicts and/or â€Å"if society limits their choices to ones that do not match their abilities and desires. † In his view, negative resolution of this stage resulted in individuals who, â€Å"(†¦ appear shallow, directionless, and unprepared for the challenges of adulthood. † Without going too far into Rebecca’s past, the stage preceding Identity v. Role Confusion known as Industry v. Inferiority, â€Å"6-11 years,† appears to have been properly resolved. Although occasionally displaying a lack of confidence in her abilities prior to completion of an activity, school or otherwise, she has almost always performed at a level above her peers, and received no shortage of praise or support from her parents concerning such activities. However the second condition of becoming â€Å"role confused† is a bit trickier. While we have supported her in all her positive undertakings, we have also recommended many choices to her. Though that might not be blatantly telling her she can’t do an activity or pursue an interest that is prosocial in nature, the fact that we were so actively involved in not only maintaining good behavior, but actively steering her life might have ultimately resulted in feeling trapped in an identity that wasn’t hers. Whether she likes an activity or not, the fact that so much of what she has undertaken in her life was initially recommended to her by us could have had an adverse effect on her sense of self in this time of natural psychological distancing from one’s parents. Supporting the claim of a possible state of role confusion being linked to her parents; during the summer of her 12th year, â€Å"the beginning of Identity v. Role Confusion,† Rebecca had a tendency to initially reject most of her parent’s suggestions for activities, but would eventually, â€Å"start in on some of them later as if it was her own idea. Again, it wasn’t the activity itself that she was rejecting so much as it was the fact that it was her parents recommending it. Perhaps this method of creating a sense of identity independent of her parents has only grown with age, and ultimately devolved into a complete rebellion against the practices and values instilled by her parents. She has come to associate her excellent school performance, following of the rules, and other practices as part of an identity that is fundamentally not her own by virtue of feeling as if she was given no choice, rather than if she herself was content with living such a lifestyle. ) In retrospect, can you see any patterns in her developmental history that might have been precursors to her current difficulties? As stated above, her current emotional state is primarily a combination of her unique growth during adolescence and the relationship between her parents/peers to her identity. That being said, her tempermant leading up to adolescence seems to be consistent with her behavior during the majority of adolescence. Rebecca was not a difficult child, but she did have issues getting comfortable with new surroundings and people, and detaching herself from her parents. Keeping environmental factors in mind, the possibility remains that that Rebecca’s difficulties with adjustment, identity, and emotional regulation, have a more genetic basis than is understood. This view is ultimately conjectural as even today our understanding of the relationship between genetics and behavior, â€Å"let alone personality types,† is far from advanced enough to support claims to a determining relationship between the two. ) As Rebecca’s parents, how do you think you should respond to these changes in her behavior? First off she would need to be punished for the possession of Marijuana and Cigarettes. She would be grounded and prevented from visiting anyone, â€Å"bad influence kids included,† for a month to give her some time to dry out. However, it would be important that we, her parents, explained to her the dangers of abusing such substances, â€Å"particularly marijuana,† at her age, while her brain is still developing. I believe that Rebecca needs to talk out her issues with another individual who shares our values, but is more experienced in dealing with teenage issues, I. E. a psychologist who specializes in talk-therapy. She needs both a better means of coping with life stressors, as well as positive reinforcement towards developing an identity that is in line with her pre-rebellious behavior yet giving her the perception that such constructive behaviors, though influenced by us, are in fact part of her own identity. After her punishment, it would be important for us to be less â€Å"hands on† in making life choices for her, â€Å"choosing sports, clubs, activities, etc.. † but to still praise her for her success. Rebecca needs space, but it remains a necessity to respond to detrimental behavior, and punish her accordingly but still keeping in line with our authoritarian parenting style. How to cite Developmental Psychology Term Paper, Essays

Management System Helps the Organization in Multitude Activities

Question: How to Management System Helps the Organization in Multitude Activities? Answer: Introduction The organizational learning process is the system, which enables the knowledge of an organization to be retained and used in proper manner that enables the company to gain learns from the past experience that is gained. The current study focuses on various aspects of the knowledge and learning process of Toyota Company that has enabled them to one of the top automobile companies of the world. There are four principles of learning system that are used in the Toyota Company coupled with the work process. The managers of the company uses fine-tuning system to make sure that all the knowledge regarding the matter of operations are done successfully. The learning system also consists of different types of work experiment, which ensures that there is continuous forms of learning and also help to identify the areas that can be improved. The Toyota Company has initiated the platform for open discussion, which helps them to discuss the issues that are faced within the company. During the time of open discussion, it is possible for every people within the organization to make sure that they can raise the issues that are faced in the operations of the organization. It is also the duty of most of the managers of the organization to make sure that they arrange the session of open discussion, which also help them to improve the performance of the company. It is with the help of open discussion, which will also help the managers of a company, to better communicate with the workers. With the help of most of the consensus problem solving ability, it is possible to for the Toyota Company to raise the issues that are faced within the workplace. With the help of consensus solving ability, it is possible to arrange group discussions sessions, which help to deal with the issues that are faced by the Toyota Company (Dent and Whitehead 2013). It is also possible to get multiple solutions for issues, which increase the chance of the problem solving ability. The consensus problem solving ability also encourages the workers of the Toyota Company to take a part in the problem solving part of the company. It is important to ensure that both qualitative and quantitative forms of data are used in order to make use of the Knowledge System of the Toyota Company. With the help of qualitative data it is possible to get the statistics of the overall profit and loss of the Toyota Company. On the other hand, with the help of quantitative data, it is possible to evaluate the reason for the overall profit and loss of the company, which will help the company to realize the make plans for the future improvement. Proper collection of both quantitative and qualitative data is one of the main reasons for the improved Knowledge System of knowledge system. Validation of the data is an important part, which helps to ensure that the data that is collected about the Toyota Company is reliable and can be used as the purpose of reference. It is important to ensure that the data is collected from the reliable source and thereby it can be used for future reference. It is also important to ensure that the data that is collected can be used in the matters of accessing the position of the company. With the help of the approvals, it is possible for the Toyota Company to ensure that the data, which is collected, is of reliability and can be used for future reference. Without the proper approval from the management, it is possible to ensure that proper data are being used in the research work. The manager of the company also needs to ensure that they approve the valid and the reliable forms of data. It is the duty of the manager of the Toyota Company to ensure that they record and keep detailed notes of all the issues that are within the workplace of the organization. The problem recording system will also help the Toyota Company to make sure that they can help to deal with the issues that are raised faced by the company. The main purpose of the record system is to ensure that it is possible use data for future purpose. It is the duty of the managers to ensure that they extract the data from the proper sources that can help to deal with the issues that are faced by the company. The proper matter of data extraction can help to deal with the consequence of problem solving with the organization. All the project work within the workplace of Toyota needs to have proper use of the data that can help to deal with proper use of the Knowledge System. With proper Knowledge, it is possible to deal with the challenges in the workplace. This will increase the chance of the company to get success from the overall project work. One of the main reasons for the success of the Toyota Company is that they are able to make the proper use of the Knowledge System. It is never possible for the Toyota Company to make sure that they use the Knowledge System in proper manner. The application process of the Knowledge will help to ensure that the information within the Knowledge System of Toyota are utilized properly and that can be used by the company during the time of making project plan. With the help of the latest form of information storage system, it is possible to deal with the matter of knowledge storing system. The Toyota Company needs to store the data of knowledge system in proper manner, which will enable them to retrieve the data from database that is one the latest forms of information system technology. Revival of the information from the Knowledge system can help to deal with the issues of the Knowledge system. With the help of the of knowledge system it is possible to ensure that only the valid and the reliable information are stored within the database of the company. Toyota Company needs to apply the latest form of data storing technology to make sure that they data that is used within the Knowledge system can help to deal with the future issues that the company may face. Distribution of the Knowledge system and the relevant information will help the Toyota Company to raise the awareness about the information that is available to the company. It will also ensure that every stakeholders of the company is able to understand the importance of the project work that is undertaken. It is the important for the Knowledge system to ensure that all the relevant information is properly distributed among all the stakeholders of Toyota. The knowledge system can be a part of the standard procedure and practice that will help to ensure that all the relevant information are used in the operation management of Toyota. It is also with the help of the standard procedure that the Toyota Company can ensure that only valid information is used in the standard management practice. With the practice of the Knowledge system it is possible to encourage the workers to use the proper and reliable information for making plan of important projects of the company. The routine use of the knowledge system will ensure that the data within the latest forms of information technology can be used by the Toyota Company in the overall planning process. It is also possible to deal with the latest forms of technology that will help in the purpose of routine of the data system. It is the duty of the managers of Toyota Company to make sure that all the employees of the company have the ability to make use of the knowledge system is used properly. With routine use of the knowledge system, it is possible to ensure that the data are used in the proper manners and that can help to deal with the forms of information management. By facilitating the use of the knowledge system is one of the main parts that can be used by the company to make open discussions. Hence, it is possible for the employees of the company to express upon their opinion. It will also ensure that the information within the knowledge system is used in the proper manner and all the employees of the Toyota Company are well informed. The lack of awareness among the employees is regarded to be the main inhibitors to great use of the knowledge (Noruzy et al. 2013). The lack of coordination within the employees and managers of an organization is also regarded as the as a major inhibitors of knowledge. It is the duty of operational manager of Toyota to use the information system that can be done by holding regular meetings with the customers and also help the employees of the company to get proper information. The knowledge management system immensely helps to integrate as well as share the knowledge within any organization or other institution. This particular system is immensely focused on transforming the information into knowledge so that the organization can take benefit of it (Hislop 2013). The knowledge management system is used for enhancing the service quality, client satisfaction as well as staff performance. nowledge management system helps the organization in multitude activities, which are mentioned below Better and quicker decision making Better identification of relevant resources Reusing expertise, documents and ideas Avoidance of redundant effort Avoidance of repeating mistakes Communication of effective information Stimulation of innovation There are several major organizational areas where the knowledge system has failed to entry until today. The major reason for limiting knowledge system in these areas is the greater complexity and lack of relevance. It has been observed these areas are managerial support, security management etc (Borghoff and Pareschi 2013). The organization does not find any relevance of knowledge management in these areas, as the individuals are not aware of the entire information to develop effective knowledge. The knowledge system is a major tool for providing greater performance in several areas of organizational practice. The cost-benefit analysis, financial analysis, employee performance analysis as well as organizational effectiveness analysis are the most crucial areas, where the knowledge system could be most effective for the organization (Jones and Sallis 2013). There are multiple factors, which are highly influential in the context of defining success of the knowledge management system. In this context, these factors are mentioned below The managers need to broaden their level of support in implementing the knowledge system The technology must be integrated with the knowledge system. The initiation of technology itself is not the solution. The organization need to take any kind of decision regarding its business activities with the consent of associated stakeholders. The organization must initiate policy where the stakeholders would hold meeting. Every stakeholder would present the necessary information to the meeting. This meeting would be focused on providing opportunity to the stakeholders for brainstorming on the acquired information. The brainstorming process would create knowledge from the information, which thereby help to undertake necessary decision with the consent of every stakeholder. The undertaken decision would be then discussed with the top managers and executive officers to ensure that the decisions would be able to uphold the organizational values and goals. The decision would be implemented only after the top management of the organization provide approval. The personnel of the organizations must be aware of the intricacies of consensus planning so that they can implement this process in the ground level of the organization. In order to do that, they need to be trained in brainstorming process, data collection process as well as decision-making process. In order to implement the improvement plan the organization need to be focused on generating awareness within the organization. The employees are needed to know the process and the potential benefit of the improvement plan. The organization also needs to provide effective support and training so that the organization receives no resistance from the employees. Conclusion The well-developed learning process that is backed up by the efficient knowledge system has enabled the Toyota Company to be one of the most successful global brands. It is important for global brands to ensure that the organizational knowledge system is used properly that helps in the development of the overall organization and also improve upon the skills of the employees. Reference List: Hislop, D., 2013.Knowledge management in organizations: A critical introduction. Oxford University Press. Borghoff, U.M. and Pareschi, R. eds., 2013.Information technology for knowledge management. Springer Science Business Media. Jones, G. and Sallis, E., 2013.Knowledge management in education: Enhancing learning education. Routledge. Becerra-Fernandez, I. and Sabherwal, R., 2014.Knowledge management: Systems and processes. Routledge. Noruzy, A., Dalfard, V.M., Azhdari, B., Nazari-Shirkouhi, S. and Rezazadeh, A., 2013. Relations between transformational leadership, organizational learning, knowledge management, organizational innovation, and organizational performance: an empirical investigation of manufacturing firms.The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, pp.1-13. Dent, M. and Whitehead, S. eds., 2013.Managing professional identities: Knowledge, performativities and the'new'professional(Vol. 19). Routledge.

Analysis of How to Talk to a Hunter by Pam Houston

Analysis of 'How to Talk to a Hunter' by Pam Houston How to Talk to a Hunter by American writer Pam Houston (b. 1962) was originally published in the literary magazine Quarterly West. It was subsequently included in The Best American Short Stories, 1990, and in the authors 1993 collection, Cowboys Are My Weakness. The story focuses on a woman who continues dating a man a hunter even as the signs of his infidelity and lack of commitment mount. Future Tense One striking feature of the story is that it is written in future tense. For example, Houston writes: You will spend every night in this mans bed without asking yourself why he listens to top-forty country. The use of future tense creates a sense of inevitability about the characters actions, as if shes telling her own fortune. But her ability to predict the future seems to have less to do with clairvoyance than with past experience. Its easy to imagine that she knows exactly what will happen because it or something just like it has happened before. So the inevitability becomes as significant a part of the story as the rest of the plot. Who Is the You? I have known some readers who resent the use of second-person (you) because they find it presumptuous. After all, what could the narrator possibly know about them? But for me, reading a second-person narrative has always seemed more like being privy to someones internal monologue than like being told what I, personally, am thinking and doing. The use of second-person simply gives the reader a more intimate look at the characters experience and thought process. The fact that the future tense sometimes changes to imperative sentences like, Call the hunters machine. Tell him you dont speak chocolate only further suggests that the character is giving herself some advice. On the other hand, you dont have to be a heterosexual woman dating a hunter to be dating someone whos dishonest or who shies away from commitment. In fact, you dont have to be romantically involved with someone at all to be taken advantage of. And you definitely dont have to be dating a hunter in order to watch yourself enact mistakes that you see perfectly well are coming. So even though some readers might not recognize themselves in the specific details of the story, many might be able to relate to some of the larger patterns described here. While second-person might alienate some readers, for others it can serve as an invitation to consider what they have in common with the main character. Everywoman The absence of names in the story further suggests an attempt to portray something universal, or at least common, about gender and relationships. Characters are identified by phrases like your best male friend and your best female friend. And both of these friends tend to make sweeping declarations about what men are like or what women are like. (Note: the entire story is told from a heterosexual perspective.) Just as some readers might object to second-person, some will surely object to gender-based stereotypes. Yet Houston does make a convincing case that its difficult to be completely gender-neutral, as when she describes the verbal gymnastics that the hunter engages in to avoid admitting that another woman has come to visit him. She writes (hilariously, in my opinion): The man who has said hes not so good with words will manage to say eight things about his friend without using a gender-determining pronoun. The story seems entirely aware that its dealing in clichà ©s. For example, the hunter speaks to the protagonist in lines from country music. Houston writes: Hell say you are always on his mind, that youre the best thing thats ever happened to him, that you make him glad that hes a man. And the protagonist answers with lines from rock songs: Tell him it dont come easy, tell him freedoms just another word for nothing left to lose. Though its easy to laugh at the communication gap Houston portrays between men and women, country and rock, the reader is left wondering to what extent we ever can escape our clichà ©s.

Free Essays on Jobs

per minute. ... Free Essays on Jobs Free Essays on Jobs The opening for a â€Å"Finance Associate† at Ryan Beck & Co. interests me and I would apply for the job because of many reasons. First of all, on the company website, it states that this is a job for someone seeking growth in the career and has a desire to succeed. I believe that I am an over-achiever. I will always seek to do better than my schoolmates or improve on my past accomplishments. I will practice doing calculus problems over and over until I know the formulas â€Å"like the back of my hand†. Second, the job description says the job will involve budgeting, corporate planning and risk management. I have always been able to budget my time, resources, money, and etc., plan out daily activities, and decide on which decisions would be risky or not to act out. I have had my own checking account for almost over two years now and have never went below the required balance and get a fine. I have held a part-time job ever since freshman year, play a sport every season during school, and maintain a 3.0 grade point average throughout high school. I feel that this job would be a good job for me to obtain because of my education in the Accounting/Business courses I have taken. Job Article #2 This internship at CIRI seems to be a fundamental background to have before starting my career. My knowledge of Accounting, especially Financial Accounting, could be rated â€Å"top-notch†. I was at the top of my class while I was enrolled in the course, and always helped others when it was needed. I also have a good knowledge of computer programs behind me†¦I have strong skills in Microsoft Word and Excel. I use those programs on a weekly basis for my courses at school as well as for personal reasons. Usage of a calculator has always been easy for me when I need to use them and this is one of the skills/abilities listed for the job. The computer courses I took in high school and college has enabled me to type up to 60 words per minute. ...

Trace the role of the presidency from about 1865 to about 1940. Did it Essay

Trace the role of the presidency from about 1865 to about 1940. Did it serve the purpose that the framers of the Constitution expected it to serve - Essay Example The Constitution sets forth the president’s roles as the following: After careful consideration of the president’s roles and functions set forth in the Constitution and the history record during 1865 to 1940 I conclude yes. I believe the role of the presidency was fulfilled as the forefathers of the Constitution intended for the following reasons encompassed in the discussion. Scarcely had Washington been inaugurated when an extra constitutional attribute of the presidency became apparent. (Ayers, Gould, Oshinsky and Soderlund. 2004) Essentially, the presidency is dual in character and that must be taken into consideration when considering the time periods of the presidency that are being discussed. is another important point that needs to be considered. The reason is that it sets the background and establishes the attitudes of the framers of the Constitution. This significant point is that through centuries of constitutional turmoil and struggle between the crown and Parliament, England had divided the two offices. When they did this they separated the power as well. They gave the prime minister the role of running the government and leaving the formal and ceremonial responsibilities of leadership to the monarch. This is significant to the discussion for several reasons. After this took place in history the mindset of Americans was one where they admired and even worshipped Washington as a president. This is important because this attitude towards Washington, although during a time prior to that encompassed in our discussion, set the standard for future attitudes and conceptions of the presidency. Washington performed his role cleverly. He fulfilled his role as president striking a balance between â€Å"too free an intercourse and too much familiarity,† which would reduce the dignity of the office, and â€Å"an ostentatious show† of

Investment That is to Develop New Products Essay

Investment That is to Develop New Products - Essay Example The development of new product is of course risky, time consuming as well as expensive. Firms need to produce dozen of ideas regarding new products where only one idea might result in successful product. The failure rate of new product is much higher than the success rate, as high as 80% and the reason for failure are numerous, like inadequate market survey, poor screening, market orientation, product defects, and some inadequate launching effort (Boone & Kurtz, p.398). Due to high investment which is needed to produce the products and various other steps needed to take care of by the manufacturers to ensure success of the new product, most of the firms think that new product development is not worth huge investment because of the rate of failure, and believes that it is much more feasible and easier to copy the market leaders product. Market leader are referred to as those organization which poses the largest market share in a particular market and the market followers are those org anizations which imitates the top market leaders but at the same time do not upsets the ongoing balance with respect to the competitive power of the respective industry. These market followers prefer to avoid the direct attack and reap the product benefits of innovations which are made by the leaders of the respective market through imitations. To imitate the market leader and avoid making huge investment, the market followers adopt four major approaches, Counterfeiter strategy is adopted by the market followers when they aim to duplicate the products of market leaders and packaging style and therefore sell in the black market. The strategy of counterfeiter has plagued brands like Apple and Rolex mostly in Asia. Secondly, cloner strategy is being used to emulate the market leader’s product name and packaging one such example of cloner is Ralcorp Holdings which sells off imitation of brand cereals in lookalike containers at a much lower price. Thirdly, the market followers ado pt imitator strategy where some features are copied from the market leader while retaining few features of its own. The last strategy used by market followers is the adapter strategy which involves adoption of owns product as that of market leader and sells the product into different market. S&S Cycle supplies engine to the firms which builds bikes like Harley. The company buys, every year Harley Davidson and takes off the engine apart and finds out what to be improved. The followers earn or make profit at a lower rate than the market leaders. One such example s the food processing industry which revealed that only the top two companies were profitable (Kotler, p. 194). Among the mobile phone manufacturer, Philips a well known European brand also fall under the category of market followers. There are other Asian companies which operate on the European mobile market such as Sharp, Haier, Pantech, NEC, Innostream and Sanyo (Anonym, p. 15). Market followers is the runner up organizatio ns in the industry whose major intentions are to hold the market share without investing and also providing challenges to its strong competitors. But however this does not mean that the market followers lack any kind of strategies in fact it is believe of the followers that it is much more advantageous to remain follower and pursue the ‘me too strategy’ rather than being the market leader. The strategy to remain market follower is believed to be effective because the

Cropping Pattern And Cropping Schedule Environmental Sciences Essay

Cropping Pattern And Cropping Schedule Environmental Sciences Essay Chapter 1 Introduction Background Agriculture is a crucial role in the careers of nations all over the world. As the focal point of the agricultural sector is to raise the crop yield and to fulfill the food security for continuing population increase, irrigation becomes vital support to provide additional water. Nowadays, precipitation cannot be reliable in many parts of the world and temperature increases continuously due to the climate change. Moreover, there are changes in air temperature and increase in atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Furthermore, geographical changes might also have severe effect on the local water resources. As a result, water resources become scare and it threats a serious challenge to irrigation water supply, agriculture water demand, food security, and environmental protection. Irrigation water resources and agricultural water demand are strongly vulnerable. As climate change affects hydrological cycles locally and globally, its potential changes will have a significant impact on agriculture and water resources. There is an increasing stress of the impact of climate change on water resources and probable implications for water resource management. The consequences of climate change may alter the reliability, the amount and timing of river flow, challenge the coping capacities of existing water-related infrastructures and bring higher risks of water shortages and floods. Myanmar (formerly called as Burma)which locates in South East Asia lying between 10 ° and 29 ° N latitude and between 92 ° and101 ° longitudes, also suffers from climate change impacts on water cycle due to the sudden change of weather pattern. Flood and long drought occurs consequently and thus sustainability of water environment in some areas is facing difficulties. Moreover, rainfall pattern and intensity have been evidently changing in some regions of the country according to topographical condition. There are three climate conditions in Myanmar specified as summer, rainy and winter seasons. Two third area of the country enjoys in the tropics and the remaining one third falls within temperate climate conditions. Average annual rainfall in coastal regions is over 5000 mm and in the Dry Zone which locates in Central Myanmar is less than 750mm. The average temperature is 21 °C in northern regions which are the coolest areas and 32 °C in coastal area. Temperature sometime s reaches to 40 °C during the hot seasons and over in central dry zone areas which are the hottest regions in Myanmar. Water resources in Myanmar are absolutely abundant and can be used to fulfill the agricultural water demand and other sectors. Agriculture is a main economic sector in Myanmar and rice-based irrigation systems, have been implemented to improve agricultural production. Paddy fields are mostly found in the delta region which includes Ayeyarwady, Bago and Yangon region of Lower Myanmar and central dry zone areas which includes Mandalay, Sagaing and Magway regions (Figure 1). Irrigation Projects have been implementing a lot in Myanmar to stabilize traditional rainfed rice and to introduce double-rice to promote the rice production. According to the hydrological conditions it is divided into two seasons, wet and dry. Paddies are traditionally cultivated by monsoon rain during the wet season. Summer paddies have grown as a second rice crop throughout the dry season according to the water availability in the regions where irrigation projects have been initiated. The delta region in lower Myanmar is the major rice production area. As water resources are affected adversely by global climate change, it makes seriously vulnerable to crop water requirement. Ngamoeyeik Irrigation Project Area which is just outside of Yangon City in Lower Myanmar, paddy cultivation during rainy season has traditionally been conducted under rainfed conditions and summer paddies with irrigation were added since 1995 after the project has been completed. Both paddies are cultivated completely in the rainy and summer periods, respectively. Summer paddies are cultivated only by irrigation. As there is no rain within the dry season, and the reservoir inflow is very limited. Therefore, the summer paddies are constrained by the limited water-storage in the reservoir during the dry season. Considering the wide range of the adverse effect in this area, there is needed to evaluate and access future irrigation water requirement in a changing climate for promoting crop producti on. D:1st proposalfor introduction6_page10_image1.gif Figure Regions in Myanmar Rice, wheat, and maize are predominate three grain-crops for food, and these are the products of agriculture sector, coming from rain fed and irrigated fields. Statement of the problem According to the Asian Development Bank (2009), Myanmar is one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change associated with global warming. Summer paddies are cultivated only by irrigation in lower Myanmar. In dry season, the reservoir inflow is very limited and consequently the water availability of summer paddies is very limited. Severe climate change effects could affect the irrigation water requirement as well as the production of rice and other crops on which the population depends. Decreasing rainfall and increasing temperature pose an insufficient demand for crop and cause delay in agricultural cycles. As a result, it will disturb crop growth in the subsequent months. During the growing season, abnormal weather will damage the crops and in the harvesting period, adverse climate can damage the ripening crop. This study will compare and evaluate the impact climate change and estimate and manage the crop water requirement to cope with the future scare water resources. aaaaaa Objectives The specific objectives of this study are as follows: to analyze the future climate change impact for projection period of 2015 to 2030 using statistical downscaling analysis method (SDSM 4.2), to find out the future irrigation water requirements for rice production with climate change impact using AquaCrop, to make adaptations in order to enhance and manage the irrigation water demand to cope with the future scare water resources. Chapter 2 Literature Review Chapter 3 Methodology Conceptual framework for evaluating future crop water requirement Purpose and Strategy of evaluation of future irrigation water requirement Objectives of future irrigation water requirement evaluation Rice is the main food in Myanmar and it is also a major crop of the agriculture sector. The Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation (MOAI) has imposed summer paddy cultivation with irrigation in 1992-1993 to promote the rice production. Irrigation water requirement will change under changing climate with the effects of decreasing rainfall patterns and increasing temperature. Moreover as climate change directly impacts on rice production, there has to be evaluated and adopted the future agricultural water requirements under the combined effects of growing population demands and competition from other economic sectors under future socioeconomic development. Smajstrla and Zazueta (1995) state that the irrigation water requirement (IWR) for crop production is the amount of water that must be applied to fulfill a crops evapotranspiration needs in addition to rainfall without significant yield reduction . It has to be needed that irrigation water applied to paddies cultivation must be fixed the different water requirement with the different growing stages. Therefore, future irrigation water requirement with climate change impact must be assessed to conduct proper management for rice cultivation. The main objective of evaluation of future irrigation water requirement is to promote the rice production with proper management to meet the crop water requirement under changing climate. To achieve this aim the evaluation embraces all required data concerning the impacts of climate change combining the growing population and environmental impacts. Description of the study area Location Ngamoeyeik Irrigatin Project is one of the large irrigation projects in Lower Myanmar. It has been developed by the Department of Irrigation under the counsel of the Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation. The project was completed in March, 1995. The project is situated in Hlegu Township, which is about 20-50 km northeast of Yangon City (Fig.3.1). The target area of the irrigated cultivation is 28,330 ha. There is also a plan to supply water to Yangon City for domestic use with the amount of 0.41 MCM per day.. The area is bounded by creeks and rivers providing natural drainage, such as the Balar Creek, Khayein Creek and Bago River (Fig.3.2). The project area is mostly within Hlegu Township. Location about 20-50 km northeast of Yangon City (in Hlegu Township) Name of river Ngamoeyeik Creek Catchment area 28330 ha Average annual rainfall 2540 millimeters Average annual inflow Dam type earthen dam Dam length 1.86 kilometers Dam height 22.9 meters Full storage volume 222 million cubic meter Dead storage volume 15 million cubic meter Type of spillway Width of spillway Designed spillway discharge Full supply level C:UsersUserAppDataLocalMicrosoftWindowsTemporary Internet FilesContent.Word1 Water Resources Evaluation for Paddy Irrigation_037.png Climate Climate of the study area is warm and tropical and enjoys the southwest monsoon. The rainfall is rich enough for rice cultivation. Even in drought years, the region receives a stable with average annual rainfall of 2,540 mm. This region has a rainy season and dry season in a year. Rivers, rivulets and natural drainages are flooding every year during the rainy season due to the monsoon heavy rain. However, their flow discharges are very limited and there is almost no rain within the dry season. Daily average temperature is above 25  ¾Ã… ¸ C throughout a year. Thus, the region has a favorable weather environment for rice cultivation for a round-year, even in the dry season if water is available. Soil Type The rice soils of Lower Burma are gley soils or degraded soils or are intermediate between these two types (Karmanov, I. I). These soils are widely distributed in Lower Burma. (http://www.cabdirect.org/abstracts/19601902538.html) The rice yields will be highest on heavy loamy soil and light clayey gley soils and lowest on degraded soils. Cropping Pattern and Cropping Schedule Rice, wheat, and maize are three major crops for food, and these are the main products of agriculture sector, under rainfed and irrigated fields. Table Cropping pattern in Hlegu Township, 1999-2000 Cultivation Area Rice is grown in this region twice a year, rainny paddies are totally cultivated under rainfed condition from June to November and the summer paddies with irrgation are from December to May. The summer paddies were started in 1995 after completion of the project. Rainfed rice are cultivated annually in the basin about 35,000 ha . During the last 6 years, from 1996-97 to 2001-02, an average area of 14,000 ha has been irrigated for summer paddies within the project area. The total area of irrigated summer paddies was up to about 18,500 ha, 65% of the project service area, in the year 2000.

Classroom Observation Reflective Summary Essay

Throughout my class lectures and discussions in many of my classes, I recall one of my professors accenting the fact that teachers need to be flexible in their schedule and need to conform to the changes that are associated with the career. Upon hearing this, I didn’t accept this fact she was giving me and never associated the term, â€Å"teacher† and â€Å"flexible† together. Nevertheless, after my observations this semester in the classroom, I understand why you need to be flexible in the teaching profession. Every class I observed this semester was dissimilar from each other. Some class’s harbored students who comprehended the material better, were ethnically diverse, special education, motivated and lazy students. Each time I observed, there were particular occasions that I had anticipated to occur and other instances that I was astounded. I found it intriguing to see how the teacher responded when something in the classroom did not go as planned and t hen observe them trying to not let it affect their teaching plan for the day. After my observations, I am self-assured and avid that I want to become a teacher and will be a good one at that. As a teacher, I believe you need to set the tone of the classroom and let them know that you are in control. The medium or atmosphere of the classroom needs to be accepting and eager to learn. All of the classes that I observed had great classroom atmospheres. By saying â€Å"great classroom atmospheres†, I mean that most of the students were attentive to the teacher, eager to learn, asking questions and that no one person in the class was omitted from the class discussion or the learning of that particular day. Being the â€Å"student observer†, I was curious to see how the students would act toward me and treat me in their class. Infrequently, I caught a couple gawks during instruction from prying students. For the most part, I was much embraced in their classrooms, as they frequently asked me questions about their school work or of me in general. I remember my first observations, I was very nervous upon entering the classroom. After that day I always felt comfortable in the classroom. During my observations, I never saw the teacher leave any students out of the lecture that they taught to their students that day. I was very impressed to see that no students were neglected, but instead were incorporated into the learning plan for that day and got a chance to ask questions of the teacher to help further their learning. Throughout my  time in the classrooms with different teachers, I observed many different lessons that each teacher was teaching to the students. Some of the lessons included daily math skills, reading tasks, and working together at recess to rescue a dog. One of the most important aspects of being a teacher is having a good teacher-student interaction. All of the classes I observed had a good interaction between the students and teachers. As a future educator, I believe my biggest challenge will be trying to become flexible with my schedule and trying to motivate each student to learn and be active in class. Much of this depends on where I will be teaching, whether that is urban, rural, or city. I’ll address these challenges by becoming more organized and doing projects where participation is graded and required, so then each student will be learning and never feel left out. My strengths include being very determined, goal driven, hard working, learning, good people skills and motivating others. I will use these strengths to the best of my ability when I have my own class in the future. I want to continue with my teaching and learning process and obtain my teaching certificate in the near future. After observing this semester, I realized that I would like to work with 5th grade students because I think I would respond better to them. These observations were very interesting and helped me better appreciate the teaching profession.

Employment Law Essay

1. When can an employee’s religious belief qualify as a bona fide occupational qualification? Religious organizations are permitted to discriminate as long as the position relates to the promotion of the religion. Religious belief is considered a bona fide occupational qualification. For example, if a catholic church is looking for a clergy member. The Catholic Church would argue that only catholic could effectively practice and preach the tenants of their religion. 2. In the law firm of Milton, Madden & Herman (â€Å"MM&H), a request has been filled by two Sikhs to wear turbans. Although MM&H’s dress code does not speak to this issue, MM&H decides to prohibit this attire. How would you advise the Sikhs to proceed? Sikhs can argue that MM&H prohibited the turban which is part of his religion. The company can always accommodate his religious beliefs as long as Sikhs explain what his religious beliefs are and how they are being compromised by the employer because of the task at hand. Reasonable accommodation of a religious belief must be made by the employer if such accommodation does not compromise the rights of others does not require lots of cash. 3. Johnny Carlton attended the University of Lebanon while his father was stationed in the military in that country. When Kurt Munson review Carlton’s application for employment, he asks Carlton why he chose to attend college there. Carlton explains. When Carlton, who is qualified for the position, is subsequently denied, he reasons that Munson’s inquiry was determining factor. Carlton initiates a Title VII claim for national origin discrimination. Munson asserts that Carlton does not fall under that protected class. Is Carlton covered? Yes, Carlton is covered. Even though he  is not of national origin and not part of the protected class he attended a school or religious institution that is identified with people of a specific national origin. In this case Lebanon. Carlton can sue because the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act and the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 says that individuals are protected from discrimination based on national origin. 4. Harvey Jameson was recently terminated as comptroller at the age of 66 from Better Beef, Inc. His replacement is Tammy Parker, age 45. Because both he and his replacement are covered under the ADEA, Jameson is wondering whether he is precluded from suing. Harvey can go ahead and sue, but, he might not win this one because once he does initiate the case the employer must provide legitimate nondiscriminatory reason for the discharge. In this case, it seems that he was â€Å"let go† because of his performance. Then Harvey must prove that the employer’s reasoning was false and that the real reason was to discriminate. 5. Rita Hall has kidney failure and is forced to be on dialysis three times a week. She is a financial analyst for Bull and Bear. She is asking for three afternoons off each week. Hall is offering to work. Late two days and on Saturdays to make up the remaining time off. She does not believe this will adversely affect her duties. Bull and Bear refuses, claiming it is disruptive to the work environment. How would you advise Hall to proceed? For Rita Hall is more of revenue problem and not an age discrimination. The company can claim that to keep this employee would be not beneficial to the company in financial terms.

The Pros and Cons of Majoring in Journalism

So youre starting college (or going back after working awhile) and want to pursue a journalism career. Should you major in journalism? Take a few journalism courses and get a degree in something else? Or steer clear of j-school altogether? The Pros of Getting a Journalism Degree By majoring in journalism you get a solid foundation in the fundamental skills of the trade. You also get access to specialized, upper-level journalism courses. Want to be a sportswriter? A film critic? Many j-schools offer specialized classes in these areas. Most also offer training in the kind of multimedia skills that are increasingly in demand. Many also have internship programs for their students. Majoring in journalism also gives you access to mentors, namely the j-school faculty, who have worked in the profession and can offer valuable advice. And since many schools include faculty who are working journalists, youll have the chance to network with professionals in the field. The Cons of Getting a Journalism Degree Many in the news business will tell you that the basic skills of reporting, writing and interviewing are best learned not in a classroom, but by covering real stories for the college newspaper. Thats how many journalists learned their craft, and in fact, some of the biggest stars in the business never took a journalism course in their life. Also, journalists are increasingly being asked not just to be good reporters and writers, but to also have specialized knowledge in a particular field. So by getting a journalism degree, you may be  limiting your opportunity to do that, unless you plan on going to grad school. Lets say your dream is to become a foreign correspondent in France. Many would argue that youd be better served by studying French language and culture  while picking up the necessary journalism skills along the way. In fact, Tom, a friend of mine who became a Moscow correspondent for The Associated Press did just that: He majored in Russian studies in college, but put in plenty of time at the student paper, building up his skills and his clip portfolio. Other Options Of course, it doesnt have to be an all-or-nothing scenario. You could get a double major in journalism and something else. You could take just a few journalism courses. And theres always grad school. In the end, you should find a plan that works for you. If you want access to everything that a journalism school has to offer (mentors, internships, etc.) and want to take plenty of time to hone your journalism skills, then j-school is for you. But if you think you can learn how to report and write by jumping in headfirst, either by freelancing or working at the student paper, then you may be better served by learning your journalism skills on-the-job  and majoring in something else entirely. Whos More Employable? It all comes down to this: Whos more likely to get a journalism job after graduation, a journalism major or someone with a degree in another area? Generally, j-school grads may find it easier to land that first news job right out of college. Thats because the journalism degree gives employers a sense that the graduate has learned the fundamental skills of the profession. On the other hand, as journalists move forward in their careers and start to seek out more specialized and prestigious jobs, many find that a degree in an area outside of journalism gives them a leg up on the competition (like my friend Tom, who majored in Russian). Put another way, the longer youve been working in the news business, the less your college degree matters. What counts most at that point is your knowledge and job experience.